Sex, lies, and brain scans, Sahakian, Barbara J. (professor Of Clinical Neuropsychology, University Of Cambridge) Gottwald, Julia (phd Student At Department Of Psychiatry, Univer
Автор: Gibson Название: Sex Differences in Brain Function and Dysfunction ISBN: 3031267222 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783031267222 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 21953.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Does sex matter when it comes to brain function? This volume attempts to answer this very important question which is of relevance to the disciplines of psychology, neuroscience, psychiatry and neurology. Understanding how brain function and resultant behaviors may differ between the sexes impacts upon our knowledge of the pathology and development of treatments for various neurological and psychiatric disorders, particularly those that show significant sex differences in either prevalence and/or manifestation of symptoms. This volume covers three main themes of research into sex differences in basic neurobiology, psychology, preclinical research and clinical research. It begins by exploring our understanding of sex and gender in relation to both animal and human behaviors and discusses the relevance, and importance, of considering sex and gender when conducting research into brain function and behaviors. The second theme focuses on how sex and gender influence mental health and considers the impact of our immune system and the changes that occur with ageing. Finally, the third aspect focuses on examples of neurological disorder which show sex differences in terms of their aetiology and/or symptomology and considers the relevance in the development of treatment for these disorders including dementia, stroke and multiple sclerosis. This volume is of considerable interest to mental health and neurology professionals, including psychiatrists, neurologists, nurses, allied health clinicians and pharmacists. It is also helpful and important for preclinical researchers working in neuroscience, psychopharmacology and reproductive endocrinology.
Описание: In theoretical terms, sex differences in brains and behaviors of laboratory animals offer the possibility of fascinating scientific studies on a range of molecular phenomena such as genomic imprinting, DNA methylation, chromatin protein modification, non-coding DNA, potentially resulting in important neuroanatomical and neurochemical sex differences in the brain. Such sex differences could arise consequent to exposures to testosterone early in development, or to other effects deriving from the Y chromosome. However, this general subject has been treated with much hyperbole. Historically, sex differences were assumed to be present where they did not really exist, e.g. with respect to mathematics, executive leadership, etc. etc. Under what circumstances do we really care about sex differences in brain and behavior? These circumstances concern human maladies whose diagnoses are much different between boys and girls, or between women and men. Prominent examples discussed in this volume include autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In fact, infant boys are more susceptible than infant girls to a variety of disorders that arise early in development. This volume then ends with a consideration of effects of estrogenic hormones on the injured brain, and their roles as protective agents.
Автор: McCarthy Margaret M. Название: Sex and the Developing Brain: Second Edition ISBN: 161504728X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781615047284 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 7762.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The brains of males and females, men and women, are different, that is a fact. What is debated is how different and how important are those differences. Sex differences in the brain are determined by genetics, hormones, and experience, which in humans includes culture, society, and parental and peer expectations. The importance of nonbiological variables to sex differences in humans is paramount, making it difficult if not impossible to parse out those contributions that are truly biological. The study of animals provides us the opportunity to understand the magnitude and scope of biologically based sex differences in the brain, and understanding the cellular mechanisms provides us insight into novel sources of brain plasticity. Many sex differences are established during a developmental sensitive window by differences in the hormonal milieu of males versus females. The neonatal testis produces large amounts of testosterone which gains access to the brain and is further metabolized into active androgens and estrogens which modify brain development. Major parameters that are influenced by hormones include neurogenesis, cell death, neurochemical phenotype, axonal and dendritic growth, and synaptogenesis. Variance in these parameters results in sex differences in the size of particular brain regions, the projections between brain regions, and the number and type of synapses within particular brain regions. The cellular mechanisms are both region and endpoint specific and invoke many surprising systems such as prostaglandins, endocannabinoids, and cell death proteins. Epigenetic modifications to the genome both establish and maintain sex differences in the brain and behavior. By understanding when, why, and how sex differences in the brain are established, we may also learn the source of strong gender biases in the relative risk and severity of numerous neurological diseases and disorders of mental health. Boys are much more likely to be diagnosed with autism spectrum or attention and hyperactivity disorders, as well as speech and language deficits, compared to girls. By contrast, women are more likely to suffer from affective disorders, such as depression, anxiety, compulsion, and eating disorders and more likely to experience autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders. Schizophrenia with an early onset is more common in males but a late-onset version is markedly more frequent in females. Male biased disorders have origins in development while female biased disorders are almost exclusively post-puberty. This remarkable shift in disease risk demands our attention. Novel insights into the biological origins of disease are also gained by comparing and contrasting the same processes in different sexes.
Автор: Sahakian, Barbara J. (professor Of Clinical Neuropsychology, University Of Cambridge) Gottwald, Julia (phd Student At Department Of Psychiatry, Univer Название: Sex, lies, and brain scans ISBN: 019875289X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780198752899 Издательство: Oxford Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 2209.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The potential of fMRI is extraordinary. It allows us to observe brain activity in real time, build an understanding of thoughts and motivations, and discern unconscious biases. Barbara J. Sahakian and Julia Gottwald explain the science, and consider the ethical implications of using these techniques.
Автор: John A.H. Wass; Maurice F. Scanlon Название: Neuroendocrine Perspectives ISBN: 1461281172 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781461281177 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 14635.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: But it is only very recently that the investigation of normal and abnormal anterior pituitary growth has reached the forefront of neuroendocrine research. The anterior pituitary gland produces numerous growth factors that exert a variety of functional effects on pituitary hormone synthesis and release.
Автор: Reint de Boer Название: The Engineer and the Scandal ISBN: 3642062067 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783642062063 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 14635.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
Offers an eye-opening and revealing look into an interpersonal/scientific conflict involving the 'Father of Modern Soil Mechanics' Karl von Terzaghi.
Exemplifies the 'human side' of science in which, sometimes, the prominence of a theorist and the inertia of the 'accepted wisdom' can inhibit progress and rational discussion of the facts.
More than 100 illustrations combine with historical details in the text to evoke a vivid picture of the lost era of pre-WWII Vienna.
Описание: Laser Scanning Microscopy and Quantitative Image Analysis of Neuronal Tissue brings together contributions from research institutions around the world covering pioneering applications in laser scanning microscopy and quantitative image analysis and providing information about the power and limitations of this quickly developing field.
Автор: S.H. Aharinejad; A. Lametschwandtner Название: Microvascular Corrosion Casting in Scanning Electron Microscopy ISBN: 3709192323 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783709192320 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 10610.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Several methods have been used to demonstrate the vasculature of different organs in man and other species. The development of electron microscope in thirties opend new perspectives in researching microvascular systems. Its application to medical and biological problems justify it to be used as a routine method for microvascular investigations.
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