Why Enlightenment culture sparked the Industrial Revolution
During the late eighteenth century, innovations in Europe triggered the Industrial Revolution and the sustained economic progress that spread across the globe. While much has been made of the details of the Industrial Revolution, what remains a mystery is why it took place at all. Why did this revolution begin in the West and not elsewhere, and why did it continue, leading to today's unprecedented prosperity? In this groundbreaking book, celebrated economic historian Joel Mokyr argues that a culture of growth specific to early modern Europe and the European Enlightenment laid the foundations for the scientific advances and pioneering inventions that would instigate explosive technological and economic development. Bringing together economics, the history of science and technology, and models of cultural evolution, Mokyr demonstrates that culture--the beliefs, values, and preferences in society that are capable of changing behavior--was a deciding factor in societal transformations.
Mokyr looks at the period 1500-1700 to show that a politically fragmented Europe fostered a competitive market for ideas and a willingness to investigate the secrets of nature. At the same time, a transnational community of brilliant thinkers known as the "Republic of Letters" freely circulated and distributed ideas and writings. This political fragmentation and the supportive intellectual environment explain how the Industrial Revolution happened in Europe but not China, despite similar levels of technology and intellectual activity. In Europe, heterodox and creative thinkers could find sanctuary in other countries and spread their thinking across borders. In contrast, China's version of the Enlightenment remained controlled by the ruling elite.
Combining ideas from economics and cultural evolution, A Culture of Growth provides startling reasons for why the foundations of our modern economy were laid in the mere two centuries between Columbus and Newton.
The Great Divergence brings new insight to one of the classic questions of history: Why did sustained industrial growth begin in Northwest Europe, despite surprising similarities between advanced areas of Europe and East Asia? As Ken Pomeranz shows, as recently as 1750, parallels between these two parts of the world were very high in life expectancy, consumption, product and factor markets, and the strategies of households. Perhaps most surprisingly, Pomeranz demonstrates that the Chinese and Japanese cores were no worse off ecologically than Western Europe. Core areas throughout the eighteenth-century Old World faced comparable local shortages of land-intensive products, shortages that were only partly resolved by trade.
Pomeranz argues that Europe's nineteenth-century divergence from the Old World owes much to the fortunate location of coal, which substituted for timber. This made Europe's failure to use its land intensively much less of a problem, while allowing growth in energy-intensive industries. Another crucial difference that he notes has to do with trade. Fortuitous global conjunctures made the Americas a greater source of needed primary products for Europe than any Asian periphery. This allowed Northwest Europe to grow dramatically in population, specialize further in manufactures, and remove labor from the land, using increased imports rather than maximizing yields. Together, coal and the New World allowed Europe to grow along resource-intensive, labor-saving paths. Meanwhile, Asia hit a cul-de-sac. Although the East Asian hinterlands boomed after 1750, both in population and in manufacturing, this growth prevented these peripheral regions from exporting vital resources to the cloth-producing Yangzi Delta. As a result, growth in the core of East Asia's economy essentially stopped, and what growth did exist was forced along labor-intensive, resource-saving paths--paths Europe could have been forced down, too, had it not been for favorable resource stocks from underground and overseas.
Автор: Wallerstein Immanuel Название: Modern World-System ISBN: 0520267591 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780520267596 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 4910.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: A panoramic reinterpretation of global history, this title traces the emergence and development of the modern world from the sixteenth to the twentieth century.
Автор: Wallerstein Immanuel Название: Modern World-System ISBN: 0520267575 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780520267572 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 4910.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: A panoramic reinterpretation of global history, this title traces the emergence and development of the modern world from the sixteenth to the twentieth century.
Автор: Fohlin Название: Mobilizing Money ISBN: 1107436761 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107436763 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 5069.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This book examines the origins of modern corporate finance systems during the rapid industrialization period leading up to World War I.
Автор: Kozo Horiuchi; Masayuki Otaki Название: Dr. Osamu Shimomura`s Legacy and the Postwar Japanese Economy ISBN: 9811057613 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789811057618 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 6707.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: While one may argue that Harrod (1939) and Domar (1946) have already achieved that, Shimomura`s theory centers policy recommendations for sustaining the high economic growth against the productivity growth that would cause excess supply in the market.
Автор: Konosuke Odaka Название: The Myanmar Economy ISBN: 4431557342 ISBN-13(EAN): 9784431557340 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 12196.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: That goal is, specifically, financial development, adequate social capital, indigenous modern manufactures and closer international tie-ups, among others, but above all, sound agrarian development.
Автор: Shiroyama Название: Modern Global Trade and the Asian Regional Economy ISBN: 9811303746 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789811303746 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 12196.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Part I Asian Merchants and Commodities in the Global Trade of the Modern Era.- 1 Dutch Bank Transactions with Chinese Traders in the Dutch East Indies: The Java Sugar Trade and the 1917 Sugar Crisis (Yuko Kudo).- 2 The Growth of Intra-Southeast Asian Trade in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century: The Role of Middlemen in Singapore (Atsushi Kobayashi).- 3 The British Atlantic Slave Trade and Indian Cotton Textiles: The Case of Thomas Lumley & Co.(Kazuo Kobayashi).- 4 The Export of Indian guinйe to Senegal via France: Inter-colonial trade in the long nineteenth century (Toyomu Masaki).- Part II Book Reviews.- 5 Review of Osamu Saitō, Hikaku Keizai Hattenron: Rekishiteki Apurōchi (Comparative Economic Development: A Historical Approach)(Ayumu Banzawa).- 6 Review of Kaoru Sugihara, Kōhei Wakimura, Kōichi Fujita and Akio Tanabe (eds.), Rekishi no naka no Nettai Seizon ken: Ontai Paradaimu wo Koete (The Tropical Humanosphere in History -- beyond the "Temperate Zone" Paradigm)(Tsukasa Mizushima).- 7 Review of Mario Ōshima ed., Tochikishōka to Kinbenkakumei no Hikakushi - Keizaishi jō no Kinsei - (Land Scarcity and Industrious Revolutions - Comparative Studies on Early Modern Economies) (Ken'ichi Tomobe).- 8 Review of Kazuko Furuta ed., Chūgoku no Shijōchitsujo - 17seiki kara 20seiki Zenhan wo Chūshinni (Market Order in China - from the Seventeenth until the First Half of the Twentieth Century)(Hajime Kose).- Index.
Название: Public goods provision in the early modern economy ISBN: 0520303652 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780520303652 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 4752.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more. Scholarly discussions on economic development in history, specifically those linked to industrialization or modern economic growth, have paid great attention to the formation and development of the market economy as a set of institutions able to augment people's welfare. The role of specific nonmarket practices for promoting the economic development and welfare has been a distinct concern, typically involving discussion of the state's economic policies. How have societies tackled those issues that the market did not? To what extent did those solutions reflect the structure of an economy?
Public Goods Provision in the Early Modern Economy explores these questions by investigating efforts made for the provision of "public goods" in early modern economies from the perspective of Japanese socioeconomic history during Tokugawa era (1603-1868), and by comparing those cases with others from Europe and China's economic history. The contributors focus on three areas of inquiry--early modern era welfare policies for the poor, infrastructure, and forest management--to provide both a unique perspective on Japanese public finance at local levels and a vantage point outside of Europe to encourage a more global view of early modern political economies that shaped subsequent modern transformations.
Автор: Vries Peer Название: Averting a Great Divergence ISBN: 1350121673 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781350121676 Издательство: Bloomsbury Academic Рейтинг: Цена: 23126.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание:
The most significant debate in global economic history over the past twenty years has dealt with the Great Divergence, the economic gap between different parts of the world. Thus far, this debate has focused on China, India and north-western Europe, particularly Great Britain. This book shifts the focus to ask how Japan became the only non-western county that managed, at least partially, to modernize its economy and start to industrialize in the 19th century.
Using a range of empirical data, Peer Vries analyses the role of the state in Japan's economic growth from the Meiji Restoration to World War II, and asks whether Japan's economic success can be attributed to the rise of state power. Asserting that the state's involvement was fundamental in Japan's economic 'catching up', he demonstrates how this was built on legacies from the previous Tokugawa period. In this book, Vries deepens our understanding of the Great Divergence in global history by re-examining how Japan developed and modernized against the odds.
Автор: Tomoko Shiroyama Название: Modern Global Trade and the Asian Regional Economy ISBN: 9811344000 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789811344008 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 12196.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: This volume undertakes the important task of envisioning a regional history of Asia based on its unique internal characteristics, going beyond the usual West/non-West dichotomy. The “regional trade zone of modern Asia” was debated in the 1980s. Since then, Japanese historians of the socioeconomic history of Asia have explored how the traditional trade relations that had developed over the centuries in Asia responded to the so-called Western impacts in the mid-nineteenth century, including the opening of ports and tariff reduction under free trade regimes and the advance in transportation technology. Against this academic background, the four chapters in this volume examine how overseas Chinese, some of the key actors in regional and local trade, dealt with their Western counterparts, and how Asian commodities penetrated other parts of the world through the newly created web of global commerce. The book reviews discuss theoretical issues to explore various connections among and comparisons of the economies in the region. This volume provides readers with critical insights into the Asian region in the past and present by investigating the long-term trajectory of its linkages to the global economy.
Описание: The most significant debate in global economic history over the past twenty years has dealt with the Great Divergence, the economic gap between different parts of the world. Thus far, this debate has focused on China, India and north-western Europe, particularly Great Britain. This book shifts the focus to ask how Japan became the only non-western county that managed, at least partially, to modernize its economy and start to industrialize in the 19th century.
Using a range of empirical data, Peer Vries analyses the role of the state in Japan’s economic growth from the Meiji Restoration to World War II, and asks whether Japan’s economic success can be attributed to the rise of state power. Asserting that the state’s involvement was fundamental in Japan’s economic ‘catching up’, he demonstrates how this was built on legacies from the previous Tokugawa period. In this book, Vries deepens our understanding of the Great Divergence in global history by re-examining how Japan developed and modernized against the odds.
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