Описание: This book systematizes and compares a wide international scope of case studies illustrating varied ways of institutionalizing theory and practice. It will be of great interest to students, scholars, practitioners, and members of organizations promoting and facilitating interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research.
Описание: It has long been recognized that agricultural research should involve the farmers themselves. Participatory agricultural research methods have been developed to help farmers and researchers to identify the most appropriate technologies and techniques for a particular area. However, mainstreaming this collaborative approach within government research institutions and extension services has lagged behind. This book describes the Farmers' Research Group (FRG) approach by which a multi-disciplinary research team, extension workers and groups of farmers jointly conduct research on selected topics based on farmers' needs, on farmers' fields. It also documents the process of institutionalizing the approach within the Ethiopian Agricultural Research Systems including universities.
Farmer Research Groups reviews the history of participatory agricultural research, particularly in Ethiopia. It introduces cases of research conducted by FRGs in Ethiopia - both successful and less successful - and describes how issues of research quality, technology dissemination, effectiveness and efficiency are dealt with. Finally, it summarizes the lessons learned and indicates how participatory agricultural research might be applied in sub-Sahara Africa.
This book is essential reading for agricultural researchers, extension workers and agricultural policy makers in government departments, universities, research institutions and NGOs, as well as students and lecturers studying participatory methodologies.
Описание: As a low-income country, Ethiopia has made impressive progress in improving health outcomes. This report examines how Ethiopia's Health Extension Program (HEP) has contributed to the country's move toward Univeral Health Coverage (UHC), and to shed light on how other countries may learn from Ethiopia's experiences of HEP when designing their own path to UHC. HEP is one of the government's UHC strategies introduced in a context of limited resources and low coverage of essential health services. The key aspects of the program include the capacity building and mobilization of more than 30, 000 Health Extension Workers (HEWs) targeting more than 12 million model families, and the mobilization of "health development army" to support the community-based health system. Using the HEP-UHC conceptual model and data from Demographic and Health Surveys, the study examines how the HEP has contributed to the country's move toward UHC. During the period that the HEP has been implemented, the country has experienced significant improvements in many dimensions: in terms of socioeconomic, psychological, behavioral, and biological dimensions of the beneficiaries; and in terms of the coverage of health care services. The study finds an accelerated rate of improvements among the rural, less-educated, and the poor population, which is leading to an overall reduction in equity gaps and improvements in the equity indicators - including the concentration indices - that suggest a more equitable distribution of resources and health outcomes. The HEP in Ethiopia has demonstrated that an institutionalized community approach is effective in helping a country make progress toward UHC. The elements of success in the HEP include the emphasis on community mobilization which identifies community priorities, engages and empowers community members, and supports their ability to solve local problems. The other aspect of HEP is the emphasis on institutionalization of the activities, which addresses the sustainability of community programs through high level of political commitment, and effective coordination of national policies and leveraging of support from partners. These findings may offer useful lessons for other low income countries facing similar challenges in developing and implementing a sustainable UHC strategy.
Описание: Deals with the processes by which organizations create, use, and retain knowledge on a day-to-day basis. This work provides a review of the concepts, debates, and assumptions underpinning existing perspectives on organizational knowledge. It is intended for scholars, managers, and practitioners.
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