Forces of Influence: How Educators Can Leverage Relationships to Improve Practice, Fred Ende, Meghan Everette

Educators Brent Duckor and Carrie Holmberg invite you on the journey to becoming a formative assessor. They encourage you to focus on these seven research-based, high-leverage formative assessment moves:

• Priming--building on background knowledge and creating a formative assessment-rich, equitable classroom culture
• Posing--asking questions in relation to learning targets across the curriculum that elicit Habits of Mind
• Pausing--waiting after powerful questions and rich tasks to encourage more student responses by supporting them to think aloud and use speaking and listening skills related to academic language
• Probing--deepening discussions, asking for elaborations, and making connections using sentence frames and starters
• Bouncing--sampling student responses systematically to broaden participation, manage flow of conversation, and gather more "soft data" for instructional use
• Tagging--describing and recording student responses without judgment and making public how students with different styles and needs approach learning in real-time
• Binning--interpreting student responses with a wide range of tools, categorizing misconceptions and "p-prims" and using classroom generated data to make more valid and reliable instructional decisions on next steps in the lesson and unit

Each chapter explores a classroom-tested move, including foundational research, explaining how and when to best use it, and describing what it looks like in practice. Highlights include case studies, try-now tasks and tips, and advice from beginning and seasoned teachers who use these formative assessment moves in their classrooms.