Описание: This report looks at the prospects for foreign direct investment and international production during and beyond the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic. It not only projects the immediate impact of the crisis on investment flows, but also assesses how it could affect a long-term structural transformation of international production. It reviews the evolution of international production networks over the past three decades and examines the configuration of these networks today. It then projects likely course changes for the next decade due to the combined effects of the pandemic and pre-existing megatrends, including the new industrial revolution, the sustainability imperative and the retreat of laissez faire policies.
Описание: The world is, and always has been, interconnected. But the degree of country interdependence we are witnessing now is unprecedented. Cross-national transactions are fundamentally different, both qualitatively and quantitatively, from when the last World Development Report on 'Industrialization and Foreign Trade' was written thirty years ago. Tariff reduction and significant advances in production, communication and transportation technologies led to the emergence and expansion of GVCs. The result was growth in global trade at twice the rate of income growth from the early 1990s until the mid-2000s. Today, production is fragmented and distributed across multiple places, and the parts produced in each place are shipped across the globe often crossing borders multiple times. The 2020 World Development Report will analyze the implications of the changing face of globalization for development. It will explore why global value chains (GVC) have formed in some sectors and regions, while others have been left out. It will examine how GVCs affect growth, inequality and poverty, as well as the transmission of shocks across countries. The report will consider whether new technologies or a change in trade policies create incentives to produce closer to home, reducing the potential for countries to benefit from a finer international division of labor. Finally, it will explore how national policies can promote sustainable development in a GVC world. But because production has become fragmented across countries, national policy is unlikely to be enough. The report will also consider how international cooperation on trade and other policies can support inclusive growth in a GVC world.
Описание: Global value chains (GVCs) powered the rapid expansion of international trade after 1990. Countries import not only for domestic consumption, but also to export, and transactions typically involve long-term, firm-to-firm relationships rather than anonymous spot market transactions. Trade and the rise of GVCs enabled an unprecedented convergence: poor countries grew faster and began to catch up with richer countries. More than 1 billion people escaped poverty as a result. Since the Great Recession, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has slowed down. At the same time, potentially serious threats have emerged to the model of labor-intensive, trade-led growth. New labor-saving technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce demand for labor. And trade conflict among large countries could lead to a retrenchment of supply chains or a segmentation of GVCs. The World Development Report (WDR) 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs. It concludes that technological change is at this stage more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty, provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms and industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies.
Автор: United Nations Conference On Trade And Development Название: Least developed countries report 2020 ISBN: 9211129982 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789211129984 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 12058.00 р. Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ.
Описание: LDCs have so far been spared by the worst effects of the health emergency, yet the fallout from COVID-19 has taken its toll on their economies, threatening to roll back progress towards sustainable development, worsening entrenched inequalities, and possibly leading to long-term damage.
Описание: This report reviews economic cooperation and integration in Asia and the Pacific and looks at how technology could boost productivity in aging economies. This publication examines trade and global value chains, cross-border investment, financial integration, the movement of people, and subregional cooperation. The theme chapter of this year's report explores the potential of technology to boost productivity in aging economies. It discusses how countries can promote and adopt innovations to turn demographic challenges into opportunities. The report covers the 49 member countries of ADB in Asia and the Pacific.
ООО "Логосфера " Тел:+7(495) 980-12-10 www.logobook.ru
